Lemma 1bēllŭm
nounneuter
war, warfare; battle, combat, fight; (at/in) (the) war(s); military force,Morphology
nominative singularbell + um · regular
vocative singularbell + um · regular
accusative singularbell + um · regular
Lewis & Short
bellum, i, [ dva, dvi, dus; zwei; two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, bis for duis, and the letter B, and Müll.; 7, § 49 ]war.
Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoriā contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Müll.: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. P. (Ann. 549 Vahl.). — in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents: (translated from the Platonic laws): (quoted from ancient transactions) —
Form bellum.
War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations ( tumultus).
Specifying the enemy.
By adjj. denoting the nation. — Sometimes the refers to the leader or king of the enemy. — Or it refers to the theatre of the war.
With of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, against the Latins:
With cum and of the name.
Attributively.
With cum dependent on the verb; with gero, 2. b. infra.
With adversus and of the name.
Attributively.
With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius : nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum.
With contra and
With in and (very rare).
With inter and
With apud and
With of the enemy after inferre and facere, 2. a. infra.
With verbs.
Referring to the beginning of the war.
Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war; and ciere ().
Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war; ( II. A. 1. d. )
Bellum differre, to postpone a war.
Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Cæsar) — Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war; ( ). — Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare). — Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war. — Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego. populo Hermundulo. bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius — Bellum inferre alicui ( contra aliquem, 1. e. ; also bellum facere; , with , or with cum and ), to begin a war against (with), to make war on — Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war. — Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time — Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins.
Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; , with cum and , per and , or in and — Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander. — Also (very rare): but belligerantes is , Enn. — As a synonym.
Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war.
Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one's self against a war.
Referring to the end of a war.
Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war: Dietsch.
Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace.
Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success; finito ex maximā parte. italico bello.
Less usual connections.
As object denoting place or time.
Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
Of the commander; Dietsch. —
Of persons partaking in a war.
Ad bellum mittere, of the commander.
In bella ruere.
Of time.
In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque); so, ( I. ) — Without domi: where belli may be taken with gloriam.
In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with — Without
bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. — With — Without attrib.
Inter bellum (rare).
Bellum in attributive connection.
Justum bellum.
A righteous war, ( II. A. 2. a. ); illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causā suscepta sunt.
A regular war ( a raid, ).
For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terrā marique gestum, servile, sociale; hh. vv.
Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war.
Fortuna belli, the chances of war; ( c. ).
Belli artes, military skill.
Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights (law) of war.
Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals.
Belli vulnera.
Of things concr. and abstr.
Of animals.
With individuals — Ironically.
In mal.
as god of war ( = Janus).
: bella, army ().
Battle, = proelium; (form duellum).
Bellum = liber de bello.