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contranormalized · contra2 analyses · 2 lemmas
Lemma 1cōntrā
preposition
against, facing, opposite; weighed against; as against; in resistance/reply - contrary to, not in conformance with; the reverse of; otherwise than
Morphology1 analysis
inv.contra · regular
Lewis & Short
contrā, , [stem con, cum, through a comparative form conter; : alter, uter, inter, praeter, ; in fem. form like the locative adverbs eā, quā, ; : ultrā, intrā, extrā, citrā]
in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to,
(referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, ).
Local.
, of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.). — Of position in front of the enemy: contra consistere, to make front against them.
Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly ): relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, of the leaf: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes — With the governing verb understood.
With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
Referring to persons: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plàut. hostility is not implied in contra): quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. Müll. (Trag. Rel. 444 Rib.)
Of things. — Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet.
to equivalents of weight, value, and price.
In Plaut. only in the phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); , for gold placed against; jam auro contra constat filius, (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam.
In prose (very rare).
Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, , part, likewise, counter-.
Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit.
With item.
Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a., and b. ): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words (face to face), Enn. (Ann. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt — Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam: quod Scipio postulavit. ut, Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, , Annal. Trib. Pleb. — in battle; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat. et illo contra non vindicante, , Gai. — in replies.
Of opposition, strife, , against; constr. , with , and ne, quominus or quin.
Of physical exertion.
— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato — With quominus.
Of mental exertion. — With
Of hostile opposition
Of warfare.
— With
Of legal contests.
With verbs of saying.
Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary.
On the part of the adversary.
Of judgments against the parties or against opinions.
Of literary opposition.
Mostly with verbs of saying.
With other verbs.
Of public and political opposition.
With verbs of saying.
With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another. — With ire, with , of an opposing vote in the senate
Of violation of law, contracts, : contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, : leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor.
With verbs of saying, , contra dicere; less disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in writers; with ).
Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings: ut contra Crassus. exorsus est, began on the other side, § 197. — Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary. — In the same sense: agens contra: si nos. impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel.
To make charges against (rare)
, to speak on the other side of a question — Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents.
To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition. — With pugnare — To reply. —
With neutr. , to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; in legal proceedings. — Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections. — In the same sense, as : contrā dicta, ōrum, — With and
With , written in one word ().
To oppose a person by speaking against his views. — Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, , he may be answered by this plea, — And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views.
To oppose an opinion, with of the thing.
To object to a motion or petition, with of the petitioner.
With of the petition. — To contest the validity of a law (rare). — To contradict an assertion (very rare).
With quin, to object.
To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging :
Of logical opposition, with negative force.
Of a direct contrast.
Predicatively, with esse, fieri, , the contrary, the opposite.
With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, ; Sedig. : contra probatur, Gai. — Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause.
Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, : quod viriliter animoque fit, id,
To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse,
To a verbal predicate.
To a subject infinitive. — To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse: an credibile est, incestum cum filiā commissum? Et contra, veneficum in novercā, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, — To an attributive genitive; tit.
Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versā,
With its own predicate: saepe. corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex aliā laetamur parte latenti: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, , (proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order: neque illud ignoro, ; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed.
Belonging to the same predicate.
In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versā; sometimes almost = sed or autem ().
In independent clauses.
Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse. perhibent philosophi. Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. (Trag. Rel. 372 Rib.); 9, 35, 4
Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum; facilem esse rem. si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31.
In opposition to a dependent clause; aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, , whereas on the contrary,
With co-ordinate conjunctions.
Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti. omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli. tam dedecet quam, ; with nec.
With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic.
With contrasted actions, assumptions, : ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai.
After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary.
With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
At contra (), merely a strengthened contra ( 1. ): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore; : nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur.
Sed contra, after a negative sentence (). — PostAug. also without a preceding negation.
Contra autem rare. — In later writers = contra alone.
Contra vero very rare — Atqui contra.
With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
Aut contra: quae (mens) aut languescit. aut contra tumescit,
Vel contra.
Seu contra.
With causal conjunctions, nam contra very rare.
In late , e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra.
In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.).
Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.). — For quod contra, II. E. 1. c.
With emphatic particles.
Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies)
Immo contra ().
= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue.
= sed contra, but on the contrary; ; II. E. 1. b. infra.
Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare); I. A. 3. supra.
With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; ); , II. C. 3., and II. E. 2. infra.
Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
With atque.
With ac.
With ac and atque.
With quam ().
Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles ( II. 3. ); always with quam.
with , before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to ( many scholars not ; but found Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; Ritschl; also, and I. A. 1. a., and I. A. 1. b. ).
Local uses.
Opposite, over against, facing.
Of countries and places mostly of those separated by water.
Of the heavenly bodies. — So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite (facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, ), facing the south and east. — of a person standing in the sunlight.
Of opposite ends of a line.
Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contrariā parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos vocatis.
Of a line drawn.
Of buildings,
Of places on the human body: (4, 12 med.)
Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing.
: Democritus. clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber.
Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility), praef. 1. — , of actions done for a purpose.
Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, , if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia). — Similarly: dum. fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens).
Against an opposing action, — — Prov.: (al. calcitres)
Of local actions with hostile intent.
; Lepidus — Appositively, with a local verb understood.
Stare contra aliquem ( stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly , to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose; contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, hunted.
Contra aliquem ire. — ; contra venire, II. B. 1. c. , and also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.
To persons placed together for comparison, 4.
To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength,
(very rare).
— , valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius — Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia. — Hence.
, aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (: auro contra, I. A. 2. ): hujusce pomaria in summā Sacrā Viā ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, a magnificent sight, MSS. (al. aliter): MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex ).
, of replies, with aiebat, inquit, ; both in friendly and inimical sense; , contra ea, contra haec, = the contra: (: contra ea, II. E. 1. ).
Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
With verbs of hostile action.
Of physical exertion.
Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, , not cum patriā, — With bellum suscipere — With arma ferre (). — With arma sumere or capere.
Of legal contention (more adversus, except with verbs of saying).
, with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney. — Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against. — Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against — : conquesturus venit: dare sententiam contra — Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to.
Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary. — Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests.
With dicere and other verbs of saying. Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer — Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ; with ellipsis of — Of a party against a lawyer. — Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them: contra testes dicere ( a testibus or pro testibus). — of witnesses in scientific questions. — Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against.
Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing.
Of public and political adversaries ( adversus and in).
Of political speaking.
Of hostile or criminal acts — Facere contra (more with abstr. objects; II. C. 1. ): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. — With verbs of saying, ; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, against their existence.
Predicatively, with esse (videri, ), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit. — Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives.
Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition: Curio se contra eum totum parat, to speak against him, Cael. ; ter. — with the force of a temporal clause.
Dependent on adjectives (rare).
With nouns.
, oratio contra (: oratio in).
Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor.
Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs.
Of animals.
With inanimate and abstract objects.
Directly dependent on verbs ( B. 1.).
Of physical or moral exertion.
Of warfare ( and ). — of logical contradictions.
Of legal contention.
Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something: : contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document; 5, 46, 3: contra libertatem agere. — Pregn.
Of judicial decisions contradicting documents,
Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio
Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
To contend that something is false.
Of criticism, hostility to principles, , praef. 8.
Ethically.
Of public and political acts and speeches.
Of hostility, injury, wrongs,
: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech. —
: facere contra aliquid ( adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, ; Gai — And ironically. — Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. ( I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.).
Predicatively with esse (usu. ), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to ( 3. ).
With esse expressed as the predicate; Gai. — With ellipsis of object (naturam)
With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. or , with esse understood. — mostly with facere.
Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est.
Adverbially with the predicate.
In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent ( B. 3.)
With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to,
, of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to = ita ut contra sit; 2. ; very from the period; of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.
Dependent on substt.
Of physical strife.
Of warfare: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc.
Of legal contention.
Of political speaking.
Of literary opposition.
Of hostility,
Of injury: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents.
Of violation, disregard, ( 3. ); Gai.
Dependent on adjectives very rare.
Of defence, protection, and resistance (: adversus, ab).
Against persons.
Dependent on verbs: si ego consul rem publicam contra te et gregales tuos defendissem: formula quā utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai. — And of protection of plants against injurious animals.
Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial.
Against inanimate and abstract things.
Dependent on verbs.
Dependent on substt.
Dependent on adjectives in Cic. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare.
Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, ; only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations ; ( ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with ).
Dependent on verbs.
Dependent on substt.
Dependent on adjectives.
Appositively, as a remedy. — of remedies against affections.
Of logical opposition.
With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, ).
The contrary, the reverse very rare.
Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e., II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. ): superbe ab Samnitibus. legati prohibiti commercio sunt, 6 — And after a question, with immo ( I. E. 5. b.).
Quod contra, by anastrophe ( F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.): B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = quā re, Munro ad ).
With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, ( in Sall., not in Cic.; praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant). — Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope — Of persons: (19).
Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
In prose, after relatives, in Cic.: ( II. B. 1. ); also E. 1. c. supra.
After other words ( and in prose).
Lemma 2cōntrā
adverb
against, facing, opposite; weighed against; as against; in resistance/reply - contrary to, not in conformance with; the reverse of; otherwise than
Morphology1 analysis
inv.contra · regular
Lewis & Short
contrā, , [stem con, cum, through a comparative form conter; : alter, uter, inter, praeter, ; in fem. form like the locative adverbs eā, quā, ; : ultrā, intrā, extrā, citrā]
in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to,
(referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, ).
Local.
, of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.). — Of position in front of the enemy: contra consistere, to make front against them.
Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly ): relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, of the leaf: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes — With the governing verb understood.
With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
Referring to persons: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plàut. hostility is not implied in contra): quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. Müll. (Trag. Rel. 444 Rib.)
Of things. — Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet.
to equivalents of weight, value, and price.
In Plaut. only in the phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); , for gold placed against; jam auro contra constat filius, (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam.
In prose (very rare).
Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, , part, likewise, counter-.
Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit.
With item.
Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a., and b. ): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words (face to face), Enn. (Ann. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt — Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam: quod Scipio postulavit. ut, Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, , Annal. Trib. Pleb. — in battle; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat. et illo contra non vindicante, , Gai. — in replies.
Of opposition, strife, , against; constr. , with , and ne, quominus or quin.
Of physical exertion.
— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato — With quominus.
Of mental exertion. — With
Of hostile opposition
Of warfare.
— With
Of legal contests.
With verbs of saying.
Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary.
On the part of the adversary.
Of judgments against the parties or against opinions.
Of literary opposition.
Mostly with verbs of saying.
With other verbs.
Of public and political opposition.
With verbs of saying.
With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another. — With ire, with , of an opposing vote in the senate
Of violation of law, contracts, : contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, : leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor.
With verbs of saying, , contra dicere; less disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in writers; with ).
Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings: ut contra Crassus. exorsus est, began on the other side, § 197. — Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary. — In the same sense: agens contra: si nos. impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel.
To make charges against (rare)
, to speak on the other side of a question — Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents.
To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition. — With pugnare — To reply. —
With neutr. , to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; in legal proceedings. — Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections. — In the same sense, as : contrā dicta, ōrum, — With and
With , written in one word ().
To oppose a person by speaking against his views. — Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, , he may be answered by this plea, — And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views.
To oppose an opinion, with of the thing.
To object to a motion or petition, with of the petitioner.
With of the petition. — To contest the validity of a law (rare). — To contradict an assertion (very rare).
With quin, to object.
To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging :
Of logical opposition, with negative force.
Of a direct contrast.
Predicatively, with esse, fieri, , the contrary, the opposite.
With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, ; Sedig. : contra probatur, Gai. — Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause.
Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, : quod viriliter animoque fit, id,
To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse,
To a verbal predicate.
To a subject infinitive. — To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse: an credibile est, incestum cum filiā commissum? Et contra, veneficum in novercā, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, — To an attributive genitive; tit.
Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versā,
With its own predicate: saepe. corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex aliā laetamur parte latenti: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, , (proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order: neque illud ignoro, ; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed.
Belonging to the same predicate.
In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versā; sometimes almost = sed or autem ().
In independent clauses.
Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse. perhibent philosophi. Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. (Trag. Rel. 372 Rib.); 9, 35, 4
Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum; facilem esse rem. si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31.
In opposition to a dependent clause; aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, , whereas on the contrary,
With co-ordinate conjunctions.
Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti. omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli. tam dedecet quam, ; with nec.
With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic.
With contrasted actions, assumptions, : ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai.
After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary.
With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
At contra (), merely a strengthened contra ( 1. ): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore; : nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur.
Sed contra, after a negative sentence (). — PostAug. also without a preceding negation.
Contra autem rare. — In later writers = contra alone.
Contra vero very rare — Atqui contra.
With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
Aut contra: quae (mens) aut languescit. aut contra tumescit,
Vel contra.
Seu contra.
With causal conjunctions, nam contra very rare.
In late , e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra.
In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.).
Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.). — For quod contra, II. E. 1. c.
With emphatic particles.
Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies)
Immo contra ().
= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue.
= sed contra, but on the contrary; ; II. E. 1. b. infra.
Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare); I. A. 3. supra.
With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; ); , II. C. 3., and II. E. 2. infra.
Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
With atque.
With ac.
With ac and atque.
With quam ().
Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles ( II. 3. ); always with quam.
with , before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to ( many scholars not ; but found Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; Ritschl; also, and I. A. 1. a., and I. A. 1. b. ).
Local uses.
Opposite, over against, facing.
Of countries and places mostly of those separated by water.
Of the heavenly bodies. — So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite (facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, ), facing the south and east. — of a person standing in the sunlight.
Of opposite ends of a line.
Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contrariā parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos vocatis.
Of a line drawn.
Of buildings,
Of places on the human body: (4, 12 med.)
Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing.
: Democritus. clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber.
Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility), praef. 1. — , of actions done for a purpose.
Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, , if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia). — Similarly: dum. fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens).
Against an opposing action, — — Prov.: (al. calcitres)
Of local actions with hostile intent.
; Lepidus — Appositively, with a local verb understood.
Stare contra aliquem ( stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly , to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose; contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, hunted.
Contra aliquem ire. — ; contra venire, II. B. 1. c. , and also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.
To persons placed together for comparison, 4.
To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength,
(very rare).
— , valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius — Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia. — Hence.
, aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (: auro contra, I. A. 2. ): hujusce pomaria in summā Sacrā Viā ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, a magnificent sight, MSS. (al. aliter): MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex ).
, of replies, with aiebat, inquit, ; both in friendly and inimical sense; , contra ea, contra haec, = the contra: (: contra ea, II. E. 1. ).
Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
With verbs of hostile action.
Of physical exertion.
Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, , not cum patriā, — With bellum suscipere — With arma ferre (). — With arma sumere or capere.
Of legal contention (more adversus, except with verbs of saying).
, with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney. — Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against. — Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against — : conquesturus venit: dare sententiam contra — Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to.
Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary. — Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests.
With dicere and other verbs of saying. Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer — Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ; with ellipsis of — Of a party against a lawyer. — Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them: contra testes dicere ( a testibus or pro testibus). — of witnesses in scientific questions. — Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against.
Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing.
Of public and political adversaries ( adversus and in).
Of political speaking.
Of hostile or criminal acts — Facere contra (more with abstr. objects; II. C. 1. ): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. — With verbs of saying, ; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, against their existence.
Predicatively, with esse (videri, ), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit. — Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives.
Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition: Curio se contra eum totum parat, to speak against him, Cael. ; ter. — with the force of a temporal clause.
Dependent on adjectives (rare).
With nouns.
, oratio contra (: oratio in).
Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor.
Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs.
Of animals.
With inanimate and abstract objects.
Directly dependent on verbs ( B. 1.).
Of physical or moral exertion.
Of warfare ( and ). — of logical contradictions.
Of legal contention.
Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something: : contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document; 5, 46, 3: contra libertatem agere. — Pregn.
Of judicial decisions contradicting documents,
Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio
Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
To contend that something is false.
Of criticism, hostility to principles, , praef. 8.
Ethically.
Of public and political acts and speeches.
Of hostility, injury, wrongs,
: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech. —
: facere contra aliquid ( adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, ; Gai — And ironically. — Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. ( I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.).
Predicatively with esse (usu. ), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to ( 3. ).
With esse expressed as the predicate; Gai. — With ellipsis of object (naturam)
With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. or , with esse understood. — mostly with facere.
Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est.
Adverbially with the predicate.
In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent ( B. 3.)
With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to,
, of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to = ita ut contra sit; 2. ; very from the period; of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.
Dependent on substt.
Of physical strife.
Of warfare: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc.
Of legal contention.
Of political speaking.
Of literary opposition.
Of hostility,
Of injury: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents.
Of violation, disregard, ( 3. ); Gai.
Dependent on adjectives very rare.
Of defence, protection, and resistance (: adversus, ab).
Against persons.
Dependent on verbs: si ego consul rem publicam contra te et gregales tuos defendissem: formula quā utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai. — And of protection of plants against injurious animals.
Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial.
Against inanimate and abstract things.
Dependent on verbs.
Dependent on substt.
Dependent on adjectives in Cic. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare.
Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, ; only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations ; ( ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with ).
Dependent on verbs.
Dependent on substt.
Dependent on adjectives.
Appositively, as a remedy. — of remedies against affections.
Of logical opposition.
With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, ).
The contrary, the reverse very rare.
Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e., II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. ): superbe ab Samnitibus. legati prohibiti commercio sunt, 6 — And after a question, with immo ( I. E. 5. b.).
Quod contra, by anastrophe ( F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.): B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = quā re, Munro ad ).
With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, ( in Sall., not in Cic.; praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant). — Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope — Of persons: (19).
Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
In prose, after relatives, in Cic.: ( II. B. 1. ); also E. 1. c. supra.
After other words ( and in prose).
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