Lemma 1ēx

preposition

out of, from; by reason of; according to; because of, as a result of

Morphology1 analysis

inv.ex · regular

Lewis & Short

key · exFull entry

ex, abl.

I.e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants — but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq., praep. with [kindr. with Gr. ], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.

II.In space.

A.Prop.; freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.

2.In a downward direction, from, down from, from off; et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.

3.In an upward direction, from, above.

B.Transf.

1.To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from — Freq. without a verb: Ruhnk.: Zumpt; fin.; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.

2.To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap.; fin. — Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; the words adversus, diversus, etc. — Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting; Kritz.

III.In time.

A.From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab); so, Drak.; 27, 34: et saep.; ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc.; and — the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another; (cf. also, alius, D.). — So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day; (v. dies, I. A. b.).

2.With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub., belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions — ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc. — an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; Schne, note, and the authors there cited)

B.From and after a given time, from. onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.); usually in forms of hiring; Garaton. — Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc.

C.Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after.

IV.In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.

A.With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of: fin.

B.In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14th legion: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse: Ruhnk.

2.Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de)

C.To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of; and: et saep.; cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est.

D.To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations) — of the mixing of colors or flavors: §.

E.To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of; et saep.; et saep. — Sometimes between two substantives without a verb.

2.In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of.

V.To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of; tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti.

VI.Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one; Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant)

VII.To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done: (cf. Beier, and the references); et saep.; ex jure, Enn. ap. (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Müll.: et saep.; quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione — E re rata, v. ratus.

VIII.To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti. — E joined with que.

IX.In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; Ribbeck, Prol. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage.

B.Signification.

1.Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc. — Hence also, trop., out of (a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.

2.Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc. — Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. pp. 613-662.