Lemma 1ĭn,īndŭ

preposition

in, into, on

Morphology1 analysis

inv.in · regular

Lewis & Short

key · inFull entry

in, prep., abl., acc.

I.in, within, on, upon, among, at; into, to, towards.

II.With abl.

A.In space.

1.Lit., in (with abl. of the place or thing in which).

2.In indicating a multitude or number, of, in, or among which a person or thing is, in, among (= gen. part.)

3.Of analogous relations of place or position. — Of dress, like cum, q. v.: v. 298; quis multa te in rosa urget, etc., Hor — of arms — Of a passage in any writing (but when the author is named, by meton., for his works, apud is used, Krebs, Antibarb. p. 561); but in is also used with an author's name when, not a place in his book, but a feature of his style, etc., is referred to. — Of books; but more freq. trop.: in manibus habere, tenere, etc., to be engaged, occupied with, to have under control or within reach; but, cum tantum belli in manibus esset, was in hand, busied cf. — Of that which is thought of as existing in the mind, memory, character, etc. — freq. of a person's qualities of mind or character — Esp., in eo loco, in that state or condition: si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cat. ap. — Hence, without loco, in eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.; (cf. I. C. 1. infra).

B.In time, indicating its duration, in, during, in the course of: (al. eo quidem anno): nihil in vita vidit calamitatis A. Cluentius.

b.In tempore, at the right or proper time, in time (Cic. uses only tempore; tempus): eccum ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere: in tempore, opportune. Nos sine praepositione dicimus tempore et tempori, Don. ad.

c.In praesentia and in praesenti, at present, now, at this moment, under these circumstances.

d.With gerunds and fut. pass. participles, to indicate duration of time, in.

C.In other relations, where a person or thing is thought of as in a certain condition, situation, or relation, in. — sum in expectatione omnium rerum, Planc. ap. — Of an office, magistracy: (cf. B. 1. supra); in nominibus impiis: (cf. I. B. c. supra). — Of the meaning of words, etc.

2.In with abl. of adjj. is used with the verbs esse and habere to express quality; but mostly with adjj. of the first and second declension.

III.With acc.

A.In space, with verbs of motion, into or to a place or thing rarely with names of towns and small islands: venio ad Piræea, in quo magis reprehendendus sum, quod. Piræea scripserim, non Piræeum, quam in quod addiderim. — With nuntio; in manus sumere, tradere, etc., into one's hands. — Rarely with the verbs ponere, collocare, etc. (pregn., i. e. to bring into. and place there). — Motion in any direction, up to, to, into, down to.

2.Denoting mere direction towards a place or thing, and hence sometimes joined with versus, towards. — With versus: in ltaliam versus.

3.of that which is thought of as entering into the mind, memory, etc. (cf. I. A. 2. fin.).

B.In time, into, till, for: sermonem in multam noctem produximus, deep into the night, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 239 Lindem. — With usque: in posterum (posteritatem) or in futurum, in future, for the future: in praesens, for the present: in perpetuum or in aeternum, forever; in tempus, for a while, for a short time, for the occasion (postAug.). — in diem, for the day, to meet the day's want: in singulos dies, or simply in dies, with comparatives and verbs denoting increase, from day to day, daily: in diem, daily.

C.In other relations, in which an aiming at, an inclining or striving towards a thing, is conceivable, on, about, respecting; towards, against; for, as; in, to; into; ita ad impietatem in deos, in homines adjunxit injuriam, against: Burm. cf., B; hoc idem significat Graecus ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect or purport; te rogo, me tibi in omnes partes defendendum putes, Vatin. ap.; describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for or over each state.

2.Of the object or end in view, regarded also as the motive of action or effect — So, like ad, with words expressing affections or inclination of the mind.

3.Of the result of an act or effort: excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum: Dietsch.

4.Esp. in the phrase: in gratiam or in honorem, alicujus, in kindness, to show favor, out of good feeling, to show honor, etc., to any one first in Liv.

5.In the phrase, in rem esse, to be useful, to avail cf.: e re esse.

6.To form adverbial expressions.

7.Sometimes with esse, habere, etc., in is followed by the acc. (constr. pregn.), to indicate a direction, aim, purpose, etc. (but v. Madvig. Gram. § 230, obs. 2, note, who regards these accusatives as originating in errors of pronunciation); so, esse in potestatem alicujus, to come into and remain in one's power: esse in mentem alicui, to come into and be in one's mind: esse in conspectum, to appear to and be in sight: esse in usum, to come into use, be used, etc.; ab hospitibus clientibusque suis, ab exteris nationibus, quae in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque essent, injurias propulsare: adesse in senatum jussit a. d. XIII. Kal. Octobr. — Less freq. with habere: facito in memoriam habeas tuam majorem filiam mihi te despondisse, call or bring to mind. — rarely with other verbs.

IV.In composition, n regularly becomes assimilated to a foll. l, m, or r, and is changed before the labials into m: illabor, immitto, irrumpo, imbibo, impello. — As to its meaning, according as it is connected with a verb of rest or motion, it conveys the idea of existence in a place or thing, or of motion, direction, or inclination into or to a place or thing: inesse; inhibere, inferre, impellere, etc. See Hand, Turs. III. pp. 243- 356.

in

I.b and p, im; before l, m, and r, the n assimilates itself to these consonants, an inseparable particle [kindred with Sanscr. a-, an-; Gr. Goth. and Germ. un-], which negatives the meaning of the noun or participle with which it is connected; Engl. un-, in-, not: impar, unequal: intolerabilis, unbearable, intolerable: immitis, not mild, rude, etc.

ĭn -actŭōsus, a, um, adj.

I.inactive (post-class.): homo (with desidiosus), Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 16.

ĭn -aequābĭlis, e, adj.

I.uneven, unequal (rare, but good prose).

II.Of number, disproportionate. — Adv.: ĭnaequābĭlĭter, unevenly, unequally: Schneider.

ĭn -aequālis, e, adj.

I.Uneven (in post-Aug. prose)

II.Unequal, unlike (poet. and in post - Aug. prose) — Comp. — Sup. — Adv.: ĭnaequālĭter, unevenly, disproportionately: Bonon. (al. inaequabiliter).

ĭn -aequātus, a, um, adj.

I.unequal: (4, 1, 43).

ĭn -ăgĭtābĭlis, e, adj.

I.immovable (post-Aug.).

ĭn -exāmĭnātus, a, um, adj.

I.unexamined (post-class.)

ĭn -excītus, a, um, adj.

I.unmoved, quiet, calm.

ĭn -excōgĭtātus, a, um, adj.

I.not thought of, not found out, not invented (postAug.): (but not in, where the correct read. is excogitatus).

ĭn -explētus, a, um, adj.

I.not filled, unsatisfied, unsated (poet.).

II.Lit.

B.Transf.

III.Trop.

ĭn -explĭcābĭlis, e, adj.

I.that cannot be unfolded or loosened, inextricable, intricate (class. only in the trop. signif.).

II.Lit.

B.Transf.

III.Trop., inexplicable: (al. inexpiabile). — Adv.: ĭnexplĭcābĭlĭter, inextricably, inexplicably (post-class.).

ĭn -explĭcātus, a, um, adj.

I.unexplained (post-class.).

ĭn -explōrātus, a, um, adj.

I.unexplored, not examined, unknown (not in Cic. or Cæs.). — Advv.

A.ĭn-explōrātē, without examining beforehand.

B.ĭn-explō-rātō, without previous examination (a favorite word of Livy)

ĭn -expŭtābĭlis, e, adj. [2. in-exputo]

I.incalculable, incomputable.

ĭn -exstinctus, a, um, adj.

I.unextinguished, unextinguishable (Ovidian).

II.Lit.

III.Trop.