Lemma 1pĕr
preposition
through (space); during (time); by, by means ofMorphology
inv.per · regular
Lewis & Short
per, , , whereby, Inscr. Miseni Repert. ex a. p.; [kindr. with ; pāra, ulterior; parumper, paulisper; ], denotes, like the , motion through a space, or extension over it.
, of space, through, through the midst of, throughout, all over, all along: per amoena salicta raptare aliquem, Enn. (Ann. 40 Vahl.): inde Fert sese (equus) campi per caerula laetaque prata, ( ): per amoenam urbem leni fluit agmine flumen, ( ).
Of time, through, throughout, during, for: per multa bella: per tempus, during, at the right time, = in tempore. — distr.
To indicate the agent, instrument, or means, through, by, by means of. — Placed after its case. — : per fidem decipere, fallere, (= datā fide): per fidem deceptus sum, through confidence, in my host who betrayed me. — So, per se, per te, through himself, by himself, of himself, — With ipse. — To form an adverb. expression, in, by, through, : ( II. A. ); , §.
To designate the reason, cause, inducement, , through, for, by, on account of, for the sake of: per me, per te, , as far as concerns me, you, — Hence, in oaths, entreaties, asseverations, , by a god, by men, or by inanimate or abstract things, by — In this signif. often separated from its object. — With ellips. of object. — Sometimes to indicate an apparent or pretended cause or inducement, under the show or pretext of, under color of.
In composition, it usually adds intensity to the signif., thoroughly, perfectly, completely, exceedingly, very much, very (very often in Cicero's epistolary style, and in new-formed words, as perbenevolus, percautus, percupidus, perbelle, perofficiose, pergaudeo; these articles): pervelle, perfacilis, peramanter; sometimes it denotes the completion of an action, perorare, peragere — It frequently occurs in tmesi. — Per quam (also perquam), very, exceedingly, extremely. — As one word. — Separated by an intervening word. — Placed after the word it governs; , I. and II. B.
very crafty.