Lemma 1ŭt,ŭtŭt
conjunction
to (+ subjunctive), in order that/to; how, as, when, while; even ifMorphology
inv.ut · regular
Lewis & Short
ut, [for quoti or cuti, from pronom. stem ka-, quo-, whence qui, , and locat. ending -ti of stem to-, whence tum, ].
As of manner.
Interrog. = quomodo, how, in what way or manner.
In independent questions (; rare in prose; not in Cic.): De. Quid? ut videtur mulier? Ch. Non, edepol, mala. De. Ut morata'st? Ch. Nullam vidi melius meā sententiā.
In exclamatory sentences (in all periods of the language): ut omnia in me conglomerat mala! Enn. (Trag. Rel. 408 Vahl.): ut multa verba feci.
In dependent questions.
With ( and ): divi hoc audite parumper ut pro Romano populo. animam de corpore mitto, Enn. (Ann. 215 Vahl.): edoce eum uti res se habet, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 21: Forbig. ad loc.
With (): Orell. ad loc.
Relative adverb of manner = eo modo quo, as.
Without demonstr. as correlatives: ut aiunt, Enn. Müll. (fr inc. l. 10 Vahl.): ut vales? Tox. Ut queo. — parenthet., to denote that the facts accord with an assumption or supposition made in the principal sentence (= sicut)
With the correlative ita or sic: VTI LEGASSIT SVPER PECVNIA TVTELAVE SVAE REI, ITA IVS ESTO, Leg. XII. Tab. 5, 3: alii, ut esse in suam rem ducunt, ita sint. — with a superlative belonging to the principal sentence, attracted to the relative clause. — ut qui, with ; without sic or ita. — And with
Doubled ut ut, as indefinite relative, = utcumque, in whatever manner, howsoever (mostly ; only with ); dub. (al. ut est).
Causal, as, = prout, pro eo ut.
Introducing a general statement, in correspondence with the particular assertion of the principal clause, ut = as, considering. that, in accordance with. — Ellipt.
Reflecting the assertion to particular circumstances, , ut = for, as, considering: Themistocles ut apud nos perantiquus, ut apud Athenienses non ita sane vetus, in regard to us, : insigni, ut illorum temporum habitus erat, triumpho.
Ut before relatives, with , as it is natural for persons who, like one who, since he, since they, ; seeing that they, (not in Cic.). — Rarely with participle.
With perinde or pro eo, with reference to several alternatives or degrees to be determined by circumstances, as, according as, to the extent that, in the measure that, : pro eo ut temporis difficultas aratorumque penuria tulit, Metell.
of local relations, like , where (very rare): Müll.: ; Munro ad loc.
Introducing comparative clauses of manner, = eodem modo quo, as, like.
With sic as correlative: (for ut. sic, in similes, sic, IV. 1. a.).
With other correlatives: scelerum caput, ut tute es item omnis censes esse', § 117. — With atque. — And after aliter = than.
Without correlative.
co-ordinate, introducing contrasted clauses.
= cum. tum, as. so, as on the one hand. so on the other, both and.
Concessive, = etsi. tamen, although. yet — With certe in place of ita.
with sic.
In exemplifications.
, as for example, for instance. — Where several instances are adduced, if each of them singly is made prominent, ut is repeated with each.
Ut si, if for instance; for example, if, ; 9, 2, 79 — with cum.
Before an appositive noun, as, the same as, like: (Dionysium) dimisi a me ut magistrum Ciceronum non lubenter.
Ut si = quasi, velut si, tamquam si, as if, just as if: similiter facere eos. ut si nautae certarent, , they act like sailors who,
Ut quisque. ita (sic), with superlatives (= eo magis. quo magis, with indefinite subjects): ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime alios improbos suspicatur, the better a man is, the more difficult it is for him to, — This construction is variously modified.
With ita understood.
With virtual superlatives.
The superlatives omitted in either clause, §. — And with tum = ita.
With a comparative in one of the terms. — Without superlative, as, according as: (for ut quisque. ita, in temporal clauses, B. 3. ).
Introducing a temporal clause, the principal predicate being an immediate sequence; orig. = quo tempore.
With
, as soon as.
In oblique discourse.
With primum, when first, as soon as ever: ut primum lingua coepit esse in quaestu, curam morum qui diserti habebantur reliquerunt.
Rarely of coincidence in time.
Ut = ex quo tempore. since.
With
: Fabii oratio fuit qualis biennio ante. — And with and in co-ordinate clauses.
Of repeated past actions, whenever.
With plupf.
= postquam (rare).
In epistolary style = the
Of repeated past actions, whenever: dub. — With ita as correl.
With , or, in oblique discourse, plupf. : (for ut after simul, simul, VI.).
Introducing substantive clauses, that; always with ( ut as interrog. adverb in dependent clauses, I. A. 3. ).
In object clauses.
In clauses which, if independent, would take the imperative mood, often rendered by the infinitive.
After verbs denoting to wish, request, pray, demand, or invite. — With ut ne = ne — Also without verb, like utinam, to express a wish.
After verbs expressing or implying advice, suggestion, or exhortation, A, 5.
After verbs expressing resolution or agreement to do something.
After verbs of command or prohibition. — With ne. — Verbs expressing permission.
In dependent clauses implying an aim or end.
After verbs denoting direction and inclination of the mind, care, purpose, intention, or striving: ne ille longe aberit ut argumento credat philosophorum, far remote from believing = not inclined: qui sibi hoc sumpsit ut conrigat mores aliorum, quis huic ignoscat si, who undertakes to correct.
Verbs of effecting.
Verbs of obtaining.
Verbs of inducing and compelling. — After verbs implying duty, right, rule, condition, or possibility. — after dignus.
After verbs of fearing, where ut implies a wish contrary to the fear; that not. — sometimes after video, with weakened force: vide ut sit, nearly = perhaps it is not ( Roby, 2, p. 280): considerabitis, vestri similes feminae sintne Romae. — Very rarely ut stands for ne after verbs of fearing: Weissenb. ad loc.: Jan. and Orell. ad loc.
In interrogative clauses represented as untrue, rejecting a supposition or thought with indignation (nearly = fierine potest ut).
In subject clauses, with impersonal predicates.
With a predicate adjective.
With the idea of rule, duty, — With predicates, aequum est, par (anteclass. and rare).
In clauses expressing result and consequence.
In clauses represented as real, true, false, certain, or probable (where the and might be used): sin autem illa veriora ut idem interitus animorum et corporum, — And after potius.
With predicate nouns.
Expressing the idea of a verb which would require an object clause, with ut; est mos hominum ut nolint eundem pluribus excellere.
Expressing result and consequence.
With impersonal verbs.
Including the idea of a verb requiring an object clause, with ut. — after fit, it happens.
Denoting consequence.
Est, in the meaning fit, or causa est; so, in eo est ut, prope est ut, to be on the point of, to be near to. — Here belongs the circumlocution of the periphrastic future by futurum esse or fore, with ut; generally in the — Very rarely in the
In attributive clauses, dependent on nouns not belonging to the predicate.
With the idea of resolve,
Of agreement.
Of law, rule,
Of duty.
Of purpose, inclination,
Of effect, result,
In clauses of manner, that, so that.
With ita, sic, adeo, tantus, talis, or tam as antecedent hh. vv.
With is or hic as antecedent: eos deduxi testes et eas litteras deportavi ut de istius facto dubium esse nemini possit, §, § 65.
Without antecedents, so that.
Idiomat. with non.
Ut non, when the principal sentence is negative, without: non possunt unā in civitate multi rem ac fortunam amittere ut non plures secum in eandem trahant calamitatem, without dragging, ; also: ut non conferam vitam neque existimationem tuam cum illius.
Non ut, followed by sed quod, causal = non quod, sed quod. — Followed by sed ut; and in reversed order: quorsum haec praeterita? Quia sequitur illud, — Rarely nedum ut, in the sense of nedum alone, much less that, not to mention that mostly
Conditional or concessive.
Granting that (for argument's sake).
Even if, although: verum ut hoc non sit, tamen praeclarum spectaculum mihi propono — Ut maxime = si maxime. — With nihilominus.
Provided that: dabo egenti, sed ut ipse non egeam.
In clauses of purpose (final clauses; distinguished from object clauses with ut; C. 1., in which the verb itself contains the idea of purpose, the clause completing the idea of the verb), in order that, so that, so as to.
— And with ut ne, instead of ne, lest — Very rarely, ut non for ne, expressing a negative purpose; d. supra.
, after certain antecedents.
After id, for the purpose ().
After idcirco.
After ideo and eo.
After ad eam rem, ad hoc, in hoc. — After eā mente, hac mente. — After potius quam.
Idiomat.
With the principal predicate, referring to the conception of the writer, understood; mostly parenthet. = the : ut in pauca conferam, testamento facto mulier moritur, to be brief, : ut nihil de illo tempore, nihil de calamitate rei publicae querar, hoc tibi respondeo, , not to complain of that time, : quae cum se disposuit, et partibus suis consensit, et, ut ita dicam concinuit, summum bonum tetigit, and, so to speak, chimes in,
Satis ut, enough to ( enough for the purpose of).
Quam ut after comparatives, too much to.